Extra-Study/pages/E3B.md

E3B Transequatorial propagation; long-path propagation; ordinary and extraordinary waves; chordal hop; sporadic-E mechanisms; ground-wave propagation

• E3B01 (A) Where is transequatorial propagation (TEP) most likely to occur? #card
  • A. Between points separated by 2,000 miles to 3,000 miles over a path perpendicular to the geomagnetic equator
  • B. Between points located 1,500 miles to 2,000 miles apart on the geomagnetic equator
  • C. Between points located at each other’s antipode
  • D. Through the region where the terminator crosses the geographic equator
• E3B02 (C) What is the approximate maximum range for signals using transequatorial propagation? #card
  • A. 1,000 miles
  • B. 2,500 miles
  • C. 5,000 miles
  • D. 7,500 miles
• E3B03 (C) At what time of day is transequatorial propagation most likely to occur? #card
  • A. Morning
  • B. Noon
  • C. Afternoon or early evening
  • D. Late at night
• E3B04 (B) What are “extraordinary” and “ordinary” waves? #card
  • A. Extraordinary waves exhibit rare long-skip propagation, compared to ordinary waves, which travel shorter distances
  • B. Independently propagating, elliptically polarized waves created in the ionosphere
  • C. Long-path and short-path waves
  • D. Refracted rays and reflected waves
• E3B05 (D) Which of the following paths is most likely to support long-distance propagation on 160 meters? #card
  • A. A path entirely in sunlight
  • B. Paths at high latitudes
  • C. A direct north-south path
  • D. A path entirely in darkness
• E3B06 (B) On which of the following amateur bands is long-path propagation most frequent? #card
  • A. 160 meters and 80 meters
  • B. 40 meters and 20 meters
  • C. 10 meters and 6 meters
  • D. 6 meters and 2 meters
• E3B07 (C) What effect does lowering a signal’s transmitted elevation angle have on ionospheric HF skip propagation? #card
  • A. Faraday rotation becomes stronger
  • B. The MUF decreases
  • C. The distance covered by each hop increases
  • D. The critical frequency increases
• E3B08 (C) How does the maximum range of ground-wave propagation change when the signal frequency is increased? #card
  • A. It stays the same
  • B. It increases
  • C. It decreases
  • D. It peaks at roughly 8 MHz
• E3B09 (A) At what time of year is sporadic-E propagation most likely to occur? #card
  • A. Around the solstices, especially the summer solstice
  • B. Around the solstices, especially the winter solstice
  • C. Around the equinoxes, especially the spring equinox
  • D. Around the equinoxes, especially the fall equinox
• E3B10 (A) What is the effect of chordal-hop propagation? #card
  • A. The signal experiences less loss compared to multi-hop propagation, which uses Earth as a reflector
  • B. The MUF for chordal-hop propagation is much lower than for normal skip propagation
  • C. Atmospheric noise is reduced in the direction of chordal-hop propagation
  • D. Signals travel faster along ionospheric chords
• E3B11 (D) At what time of day is sporadic-E propagation most likely to occur? #card
  • A. Between midnight and sunrise
  • B. Between sunset and midnight
  • C. Between sunset and sunrise
  • D. Between sunrise and sunset
• E3B12 (B) What is chordal-hop propagation? #card
  • A. Propagation away from the great circle bearing between stations
  • B. Successive ionospheric refractions without an intermediate reflection from the ground
  • C. Propagation across the geomagnetic equator
  • D. Signals reflected back toward the transmitting station
• E3B13 (A) What type of polarization is supported by ground-wave propagation? #card
  • A. Vertical
  • B. Horizontal
  • C. Circular
  • D. Elliptical